Musicality / Stephen Malloch and Colwyn Trevarthen -- Root, leaf, blossom, or bole / Ellen Dissanayake -- Music and how we became human / Per Aage Brandt -- Ritual foundations of human uniqueness / Bjorn Merker -- The evolution of music / Ian Cross and Iain Morley -- Tau in musical expression / David N. Lee and Benjaman Schøgler -- The neuroscience of emotion in music / Jaak Panksepp and Colwyn Trevarthen -- Brain, music, and musicality / Robert Turner and Andreas A. Ioannides -- Infant rhythms / Katerina Mazokopaki and Giannis Kugiumutzakis -- Voices of shared emotion and meaning / Niki Powers and Colwyn Trevarthen -- "Music" and the "action song" in infant development / Patricia Eckerdal and Bjorn Merker -- Early trios / Benjamin S. Bradley -- The effects of maternal depression on the "musicality" of infant-directed speech and conversational engagement / Helen Marwick and Lynne Murray -- The improvised musicality of belonging / Maya Gratier and Gise`le Apter-Danon -- Music for children in zones of conflict and post-conflict / Nigel Osborne -- Between communicative musicality and collaborative musicing / Merce´de`s Pavlicevic and Gary Ansdell -- Supporting the development of mindfulness and meaning / Jacqueline Robarts -- The human nature of dance / Karen Bond -- Therapeutic dialogues in music / Tony Wigram and Cochavit Elefant -- Musicality in talk and listening / Frederick Erickson -- Spontaneity in the musicality and music learning of children / Nicholas Bannan and Sheila Woodward -- Vitality in music and dance as basic existential experience / Charlotte Frøhlich -- Intimacy and reciprocity in improvisatory musical performance / Lori A. Custodero -- Bodies swayed to music / Ellen Dissanayake -- Towards a chronobiology of musical rhythm / Nigel Osborne -- Musical communication / Jane Davidson and Stephen Malloch -- Communicative musicality as creative participation / Helena Maria Rodrigues, Paulo Maria Rodrigues, and Jorge Salgado Correia.